NEUROSCIENCE


                            What is Neuroscience?

This investigation can occur at multiple levels, from molecular synapses and cellular networks to cognition and behavior. Because of this, methods of inquiry and research are drawn from a number of disciplines, including molecular and cellular biology, physiology, biomedicine, behavioral science, cognitive psychology, electrical engineering, computer science and artificial intelligence. Neuroscience is a study devoted to understanding the nervous system and its core component, the brain.

                        Enormous progress has been made but we still don’t understand the full extent of how the brain works. Neuroscientists hope to understand how cellular circuits enable us to read and speak, how we bond with other humans, how we learn and retain information, how we experience pain, and how we feel motivation. They also hope to find causes for devastating disorders of the brain and body, as well as ways to prevent or cure them.



THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

            Messages are relayed to the brain via the spinal cord, which runs down through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to every organ and body part.
The nervous system is separated in two classes: the central and peripheral nervous systems.
. Glial cells support this network by cleaning, regulating, protecting, healing and insulating the neurons and their connections.
At the core of the nervous system, with over 100 trillion connections, is the human brain. The human nervous system is an extensive network of specialized cells that allow us to perceive, understand and act on the world around us. They can generate electrical signals to quickly transmit information over long distances and pass them on to many other neurons. Neurons are the main functional unit of this network.

     

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS acts as the control centre, sending and receiving information to and from muscles, glands, organs and others systems in the body through the Peripheral Nervous System. It’s made of soft delicate tissue but it’s well protected by the skull and spinal vertebrae. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The blood-brain barrier also prevents many toxins from entering the brain.
Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull, or by the blood–brain barrier, which leaves it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.

The PNS includes a sensory division and a motor division.

Sensory Division

Also known as the afferent (conducting inwards) division, the sensory division receives sensory information from the body and sends it inwards to the CNS.



Motor Division

Also knows as the efferent (conducting outwards) division, the motor division receives information from the CNS and sends it out to the body.

. The PNS acts as a relay, transmitting information between the CNS and the rest of the body.


Receptors and Effectors

Receptors are part of the sensory division as they receive information about changes in the environment. Effectors are part of the motor division as they produce changes in the body which can in turn effect the outside world. 


They can come in several shapes and sizes depending on their specialized functions but all neurons will have axons and dendrites that protrude from the cell body.

Dendrites


Most neurons have many short dendrites that receive signals, sending them inward towards the cell body as electrical impulses.

Axons

Most neurons have a single axon that typically sends electrical impulses outwards away from the cell body. Neurons

Neurons are the cells that form a framework for communication throughout the nervous system. Axons can vary in length from extremely short to over 1 m to reach from the base of your spine to your ankle.

Synapse

Neurons communicate through axon-dendrite and sometimes dendrite-dendrite connections but these protrusions don’t actually touch. It contains molecular structures, or machines, that control energy by allowing electrical or chemical signals to be rapidly transmitted.

. A small gap exists at this membrane-to-membrane junction point called a synapse.



Comment For Any Other Interesting Topics

Most neurons have many short dendrites that receive signals, sending them inward towards the cell body as electrical impulses.
Axons
Most neurons have a single axon that typically sends electrical impulses outwards away from the cell body. Neurons
Neurons are the cells that form a framework for communication throughout the nervous system. Axons can vary in length from extremely short to over 1 m to reach from the base of your spine to your ankle.
Synapse
Neurons communicate through axon-dendrite and sometimes dendrite-dendrite connections but these protrusions don’t actually touch. It contains molecular structures, or machines, that control energy by allowing electrical or chemical signals to be rapidly transmitted.
. A small gap exists at this membrane-to-membrane junction point called a synapse. are part of the sensory division as they receive information about changes in the environment. Effectors are part of the motor division as they produce changes in the body which can in turn effect the outside world. At the farthest branches of this network there are two basic types of neurons: receptors and ef